Picture this: a place where the heavens and the earth collide, where you can gaze upon the sun's secrets and feel the cool mountain breeze on your skin. Welcome to the Sunspot Solar Observatory, a hidden gem nestled in the Lincoln National Forest of New Mexico.

The crown jewel of this astronomical wonderland? The Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope, a behemoth of a machine that stands tall at 142 feet, equipped with a rotating base that tracks the sun like a lovestruck admirer. It's the largest solar telescope in the world that's open to the public, and let me tell you, it's a sight to behold.

When you peer through this magnificent telescope, you'll witness the sun's inner workings like never before. Swirling magnetic fields, explosive solar flares, and mesmerizing plasma bursts – it's like watching a celestial dance that's been choreographed just for you.

But the Dunn Telescope isn't the only star of the show. The Sunspot complex is home to a variety of specialty solar telescopes, each with its own unique charm. There's the historic 60-foot vacuum solar telescope, now retired but still standing proud, and the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, which studies the sun's spectral emissions like a detective on a cosmic case.

And if you're lucky enough to visit during the summer, spring, or fall, you'll be treated to daily solar viewings and facility tours led by knowledgeable docents who are more than happy to cater to your astronomical curiosity. They'll guide you through the telescopes and science facilities, sharing the secrets of the universe with you like old friends swapping stories over coffee.

But the Sunspot Observatory isn't just about the science – it's about the experience. Nestled within the Lincoln National Forest, it's the perfect place to commune with nature before or after your science tour. Hike through the conifer forests, breathe in the crisp mountain air, and feel the world fall away as you summit the 10,678-foot Sacrament Peak.

And if you're feeling adventurous, hop on a mountain bike and test your mettle on the forest roads that wind over 2,000 feet above the observatory. In the winter, strap on some snowshoes or cross-country skis and glide through the ponderosa pine groves like a modern-day explorer.

Just remember to pack your layers – the observatory's high elevation means cooler temperatures, even in the summer. And while you may not have cell service, the site offers public Wi-Fi, so you can still share your cosmic adventures with the world.

So if you find yourself in this remote corner of New Mexico, take the chance to visit the Sunspot Solar Observatory. It's a place where science and nature collide, where the mysteries of the universe are revealed, and where you'll leave with a sense of wonder that will stay with you long after you've left the mountain behind.

Tripadvisor Says

The Sunspot Solar Observatory in the Lincoln National Forest of New Mexico receives excellent ratings from visitors on TripAdvisor, with five-star reviews praising its scientific facilities and mountain location. Reviewers highlight the one-hour walking tours that offer remarkable looks through specialty solar telescopes at unique phenomena like sunspots, solar flares, and prominences.

The majority find the observatory guides highly knowledgeable and engaging, effectively explaining complex solar science to laypeople. The massive Dunn Solar Telescope inspires awe with its adaptive optics, producing unparalleled detail. Multiple visitors remark that these solar viewing opportunities far surpass those at other observatories. Beyond the telescopes, travelers value the observatory’s high mountain setting for cool relief from Southwest heat and opportunities to enjoy the Lincoln National Forest. Common complaints cite unpredictable solar viewing due to fickle mountain weather.

While some visitors expected more extensive exhibits, most leave thoroughly impressed by the up-close experience of cutting-edge astronomical equipment. Reviewers agree that science and astronomy fans visiting this remote part of New Mexico should not miss touring the facility’s one-of-a-kind collection of specialty solar telescopes.

https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g47325-d155352-Reviews-Sunspot_Solar_Observatory-Sunspot_New_Mexico.html

As of 2023, White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) in New Mexico remains an active United States Army installation and the most extensive military base in the country. Recent activities include hosting a 38th Change of Command Ceremony and participating in scientific research during a solar eclipse, where NASA launched three rockets from the base.

The residential community, known as White Sands Homes, is a gated area offering rental homes primarily to active-duty military families. This housing has been privatized and is managed by Balfour Beatty Communities, with some homes also available to military retirees, DOD civilian employees, contractors, and the general public.

Key historical highlights of White Sands Missile Range include:

1. Trinity Site: WSMR is famously home to the Trinity Site, where the first atomic bomb was tested on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project. This test, codenamed "Trinity," marked a pivotal moment in the history of nuclear weapons and had profound implications for the end of World War II and the onset of the Cold War.

2. Development of Missile Technology: Post World War II, WSMR played a crucial role in developing U.S. missile technology. It was the primary testing ground for early American rockets and missiles, including the V-2 rocket brought from Germany after the war. This laid the foundation for the U.S. space program and intercontinental ballistic missile systems.

3. Space Exploration: The range has been instrumental in the U.S. space program. It was used to test captured V-2 rockets and later to launch American rockets like the Viking, Corporal, and Redstone. These tests were critical in developing the technology that would eventually send humans to space.

4. Military Testing: Apart from space and missile testing, WSMR has been used for various military experiments, including missile defense systems and weapons testing. It provides a controlled environment for testing new aviation, missile defense, and weaponry technologies.

5. Scientific Research: The unique ecosystem of WSMR has also made it a site for environmental and atmospheric research. Scientists have studied desert ecosystems, wildlife biology, and atmospheric phenomena.

6. Cultural and Historic Significance: The range encompasses several prehistoric and historic sites, reflecting the region's rich cultural history. This includes Native American archaeological sites and landmarks from the early exploration and settlement of the American Southwest.

Throughout history, the White Sands Missile Range has been at the forefront of technological advancement in weaponry, space exploration, and scientific research. It plays a critical role in shaping modern military and space capabilities. Its continued use for testing and study underscores its ongoing importance in national defense and technology development.

Cloudcroft, a picturesque village nestled in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico, offers stunning scenery and abundant outdoor recreation. However, its high elevation, moisture-laden air from the Gulf of Mexico, and unique topography contribute to frequent lightning strikes. Understanding lightning risks and safety measures is essential for both residents and visitors.

Understanding Lightning

Lightning is a formidable and unpredictable natural phenomenon. It can strike as far as 10 miles from a thunderstorm, posing a threat even under seemingly clear skies. In the U.S., lightning results in approximately 27 deaths and hundreds of injuries annually. The Cloudcroft area, with its regular thunderstorms, faces heightened risks. According to the National Weather Service, between 2012 and 2021, New Mexico recorded several lightning-related fatalities, underscoring the need for heightened awareness and safety.

Safe Shelter Practices

When thunder roars, immediate action is required. The National Weather Service advises using the "30-30 rule": seek shelter if the time between seeing lightning and hearing thunder is 30 seconds or less, and stay indoors for 30 minutes after the last thunder sound. This ensures that the storm has moved far enough away to reduce the risk of lightning strikes.

Ideal Shelters:

• Substantial buildings with wiring and plumbing offer the best protection. Ensure doors and windows are securely closed to maximize safety.

• Vehicles with hard tops provide good refuge. Keep windows shut during a storm.

Unsafe Shelters:

• Avoid small and open-sided shelters like sheds or pavilions, which do not offer adequate protection.

• Never seek shelter under trees, as they can attract lightning and pose a severe danger from falling branches, a common cause of lightning-related injuries.

Outdoor Safety

If no safe building or vehicle is nearby:

• Avoid open fields, high land, and bodies of water.

• Stay clear of isolated tall structures like trees and poles.

• If caught in a forest, stay away from tall trees. Instead, find a group of shorter trees and stay low to the ground, minimizing contact with the ground to reduce the risk of electrical conduction through the body.

Weather Planning and Emergency Preparedness

Always check the weather forecast before engaging in outdoor activities. If thunderstorms are predicted, adjust your plans to avoid being caught outside. Carry a portable weather radio or a smartphone with a weather alert app to stay updated on changing conditions.

Responding to Lightning Strikes

If someone is struck by lightning, call 911 immediately. Lightning strikes can lead to cardiac arrest and severe burns. Begin CPR if the victim has no pulse and is not breathing, and you are trained to do so. It is safe to touch a lightning strike victim; they do not retain an electrical charge. Also, cover any burns with sterile gauze, avoiding creams or ointments.

By understanding and respecting the power of lightning and taking appropriate precautions, residents and visitors can enjoy Cloudcroft's natural beauty safely. Remember, when thunder roars, go indoors, and stay well-informed about the weather to ensure a safe experience in this enchanting corner of New Mexico.

The campgrounds around Cloudcroft boast a rich history intertwined with the development of the village itself. Initially a logging town, Cloudcroft became a tourist haven by the early 20th century. The campgrounds have evolved from basic facilities to accommodate loggers to comprehensive, amenity-rich sites for recreation and relaxation, all while preserving the natural beauty and history of the region.

Detailed Descriptions and Features:
Each campground in the Cloudcroft area offers its unique appeal:

• Silver Campground: Known for its dense forest canopy, it provides a serene experience. Facilities include picnic tables, fire rings, and accessibility for RVs.

• Slide Campground: This site is favored for its proximity to the Slide Trail, offering stunning views and challenging hikes.

• Apache Campground: A haven for families, this campground features playgrounds, easy access to fishing spots, and spacious sites for larger groups.

Experiences and Activities:
Activities in these campgrounds cater to a range of interests:

• Hiking and Biking: Trails like the Osha Trail and Rim Trail offer breathtaking views and varying difficulty levels.

• Wildlife Watching: These areas are home to diverse wildlife, including elk, deer, and numerous bird species.

• Winter Sports: Come winter, Cloudcroft transforms into a snowy retreat with opportunities for skiing and snowboarding.

Seasonal Variations:
Cloudcroft’s campgrounds offer distinct experiences each season. Summers are perfect for hiking and wildlife watching, while autumns bring a cascade of fall colors. Winters are ideal for snow sports, and springs provide a refreshing escape with blooming wildflowers and mild temperatures.

Conservation and Environmental Impact:
The management of Cloudcroft's campgrounds emphasizes conservation. Initiatives include strict waste disposal policies, habitat protection measures, and educational programs on sustainable camping practices.

Visitor Testimonials and Recommendations:
Visitors often praise the tranquility, natural beauty, and range of activities. Tips include booking in advance during peak seasons and exploring less-traveled trails for a more intimate experience with nature.

1. Deerhead Campground

   • Location: Adjacent to the Village of Cloudcroft.

   • Sites: Offers 20 sites.

   • Facilities: Drive-in access, tent, and RV sites, picnic table, drinking water, toilets, allows alcohol, pets, and fires​​​​​​​.

2. Sleepy Grass Campground

   • Location: Just south of the Village of Cloudcroft.

   • Sites: 15 units in total (2 double, three triple, and ten single units).

   • Facilities: Drive-in access, tent and RV sites, including standard, group, and tent cabin sites, ADA access, firewood available, phone service, reservable, drinking water, toilets, alcohol, pets, and fires​​​​​​​.

3. Bailey Canyon Campground

   • Access: Both drive-in and walk-in.

   • Sites: Offers tent and RV sites, standard (tent/RV), and group sites.

   • Facilities: Firewood is available, and phone service allows alcohol, pets, and fires​​​​​.

4. Slide Group Area Campground

   • Location: Two miles from the village of Cloudcroft.

   • Sites: Accommodates groups of up to 90 visitors.

   • Facilities: Drive-in access, tent, and RV sites, including standard (tent/RV) and group sites, reservable, allows pets and fires​​​​​​​.

5. 16 Springs Camping

   • Location: In the Lincoln National Forest near Cloudcroft.

   • Cost: $55 per night.

   • Sites: Offers RV and standard (tent/RV) sites.

   • Facilities: Drive-in, walk-in, hike-in access, market, trash, picnic table, firewood available, reservable, showers, electric hookups, toilets, alcohol, pets, and fires​​​​​​​.

Cloudcroft, New Mexico, uniquely positioned at 8,600 feet in the Sacramento Mountains, offers a refreshing departure from the state's desert heat. Its high altitude is responsible for a cooler climate, an attribute that, along with its alpine landscape, makes it an ideal summer getaway.

The village experiences significant climatic variation. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 70°F, providing a calm sanctuary. In contrast, winter brings a reliable snowfall, supporting a variety of winter sports and establishing Cloudcroft as a year-round destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

Nestled within the Lincoln National Forest, Cloudcroft is encircled by dense pine, fir, and aspen forests, a rarity in New Mexico's arid climate. This verdant setting initially drew loggers and later tourists.

Historically, the Mescalero Apache, known for their nomadic lifestyle and deep ecological knowledge, inhabited the area. European settlement began in the 16th and 17th centuries, but the late 19th century saw significant growth due to the railroad expansion. The Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway construction, a remarkable engineering achievement, transformed Cloudcroft into a sought-after resort destination.

In the late 1800s, the El Paso and Northeastern Railroad, led by brothers Charles Bishop Eddy and John Arthur Eddy, arrived in the budding town of Alamogordo. Their vision extended beyond Alamogordo—to the mining town of White Oaks and beyond. But there was a challenge: a steady timber supply was needed for the rail extension.

In 1898, a survey crew ventured into the Sacramento Mountains, exploring the feasibility of extending the rail line to harvest the abundant forests. To their delight, not only was it possible, but the area also held the promise of attracting visitors. And so, the name Cloudcroft—a poetic reference to a pasture among the clouds—was suggested.

Work on the rail line commenced, and by the end of the year, it had reached Toboggan Canyon. Construction began on a pavilion at the summit—an oasis for anticipated tourists. The Pavilion boasted a dining room, kitchen, parlor, entertainment hall, and even tents set on wooden platforms. In May 1899, the railroad reached Cox Canyon, and in June, “The Pavilion” officially opened its doors. Visitors rode the train to Toboggan and completed their journey by stagecoach.

But Cloudcroft’s allure didn’t end there. An upscale alternative, The Lodge, emerged—a retreat for discerning guests. As the rail line extended to Cloudcroft in early 1900, the train depot was built just west of The Pavilion. Three trains arrived daily, bringing lumber, mail, and passengers. Cloudcroft became a sought-after destination, its name gracing favorable newspaper reports.

As automobiles gained popularity, the rail line faced financial challenges. Passenger service ceased in 1938, and the last freight train rumbled through in 1947. Yet, Cloudcroft’s spirit endured. The Lodge, which had hosted notable guests—including Conrad Hilton in the 1930s—remained a symbol of elegant early growth. Still, it was hindered by limited access, primarily via a toll road. However, the early 20th-century introduction of the Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway revolutionized access, spurring both tourism and timber industry growth, pivotal to the town's economic and social development.

This railway development marked a turning point, making Cloudcroft appealing for its cooler summers and scenic environment. Throughout the 20th century, Cloudcroft navigated various economic and historical challenges, including the Great Depression and World War II. The mid-century decline in railway use led to increased road access, widening the town's appeal. Cloudcroft's ability to adapt and maintain its charm, evolving into a tranquil retreat and a hub for outdoor activities, demonstrates its enduring appeal and resilience.

Today, Cloudcroft stands out as a distinctive New Mexican destination, drawing visitors with its unique combination of high altitude, forested terrain, and varied seasons. Its evolution from a Native American-influenced region to a vibrant tourist and recreational hub adds to its allure.

The charm of Cloudcroft lies in its lack of pretension. At 9,000 feet, there is no red light in Cloudcroft.  One gas station. A golf course.  A few blocks of shops. The main road, James Canyon Highway 82, dissects the village, while the verdant Lincoln National Forest hugs the small, loose-knit community of cabins that dot the heavily wooded forest. A Texas-inspired BBQ joint is the most popular tourist attraction. 

Where to Eat

Where to Stay

Where to Visit

Where to Play

Where to Shop

• Population: 777 (2021)

• Area code: 575

• Time zone: Mountain Time Zone (MT)

• Elevation: 8,676 feet

• Climate: Cool summers, cold winters

• Distance from El Paso, TX: 90 miles

• Distance from Albuquerque, NM: 220 miles

• Distance from Phoenix, AZ: 380 miles

The Lincoln National Forest, located in southern New Mexico, has a long history of logging activities that date back to the late 1800s. Initially, logging was focused on harvesting large pine trees for lumber and fuelwood, which were in high demand for construction and heating purposes. In the early 1900s, logging activities in the forest expanded as the demand for wood products continued to grow.

During the early 1900s, the primary method of logging was through the use of animal power, with teams of oxen and horses used to haul logs out of the forest. This method was labor-intensive and slow, but it remained the primary method of logging until the introduction of steam-powered logging equipment in the 1920s.

The use of steam-powered equipment revolutionized logging practices in the Lincoln National Forest, allowing for greater efficiency and the ability to access previously inaccessible areas. However, this also resulted in more significant environmental impacts, as the equipment was capable of harvesting larger and more diverse types of fauna. This included not only pine trees but also aspen, spruce, fir, and other species of trees.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the introduction of chainsaws and other mechanized tools further increased the efficiency and scope of logging activities in the forest. This led to a significant increase in the number of trees harvested, which in turn had a more significant impact on the forest ecosystem. As a result, there were growing concerns about the long-term sustainability of logging practices in the Lincoln National Forest.

In response to these concerns, the Forest Service began implementing new regulations and guidelines for logging activities in the 1970s and 1980s. These guidelines included measures to protect sensitive areas of the forest, such as riparian zones, and to minimize the impact of logging on wildlife populations. Additionally, there was a greater emphasis placed on reforestation and the replanting of harvested areas to ensure the long-term sustainability of the forest ecosystem.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in sustainable logging practices, such as selective logging and forest thinning, which aim to reduce the impact of logging on the environment while still allowing for the production of wood products. These practices are becoming increasingly common in the Lincoln National Forest and other forests around the world.

Overall, the history of logging activities in the Lincoln National Forest has been characterized by a progression from manual labor to mechanized equipment, and from unregulated exploitation to more sustainable practices. While there have been significant impacts on the forest ecosystem over time, efforts are being made to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of this vital natural resource.

• High Rolls

• White Sands

• Alamogordo

• Sunspot

• Apache Point

• Timberon

• Weed/Sacramento

• Mayhill

• Silver

• Cloudcroft

• Ruidoso

• HA Race Loop

• T5688

• T5001

• CHS Track Field

• Ski Cloudcroft

• The Lodge Golf Course

• Zenith Park

• Mad Jacks BBQ

• Ranger Station

• Deerhead Campground

• Haynes Canyon Overlook

• Sleepy Grass Campground

• Eightmile

• High Altitude

• Brewery

• Little Apache

• Saddle Apache

• T5663

• T5661

• 130

• C004

• 232

• T25

• 223

• Benson Cnyn Trail

• C017

• Wills Canyon Rd.

• D018

• 235T

• Bluff Springs

• Upper Wills Canyon

• Upper Rio Penasco

• Sunspot Scenic Byway

• Tularosa Basin

• Camo Peak

• Karr Canyon Recreation Area

• Benson Ridge

• Russia Canyon

• Lucas Canyon Trail

The refreshingly cool summers make Cloudcroft a favorite spot for picturesque outdoor pickleball play.

For nature enthusiasts, Cloudcroft is a treasure trove. The surrounding Lincoln National Forest offers miles of pristine hiking trails, such as the Osha Trail, which is famous for its breathtaking views and accessibility to hikers of all levels. In the winter, the area transforms into a snowy wonderland, attracting skiing and snowboarding aficionados to the slopes of Ski Cloudcroft. This family-friendly ski resort is known for its manageable runs that are perfect for beginners and intermediate skiers, as well as its cozy atmosphere.

Beyond winter sports, Cloudcroft is also home to one of the world’s highest golf courses, the Lodge Golf Course, which sits over 9,000 feet above sea level. This 18-hole course not only challenges golfers with its unique layout but also mesmerizes them with stunning panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.

The village of Cloudcroft itself is a blend of historical charm and modern convenience. Strolling through its quaint downtown, visitors can explore a variety of unique shops offering everything from local arts and crafts to outdoor gear. The dining scene in Cloudcroft is equally diverse, ranging from casual cafes serving local New Mexican cuisine to fine dining establishments offering gourmet experiences.

For those interested in history and culture, the Cloudcroft Museum provides insights into the region's rich past, from its Native American roots to its development as a railroad town. The nearby Sunspot Solar Observatory is another must-visit for science and astronomy buffs, offering a glimpse into the world of solar research and spectacular views of the Sun.

Cloudcroft, New Mexico, presents a delightful mix of outdoor adventure, leisure activities, cultural experiences, and historical exploration. Its unique high-altitude environment, coupled with its charming village atmosphere, makes it a compelling destination for travelers seeking both relaxation and adventure in a stunning mountain setting.

• Guide

• Fish

• Sky

• Osha Trail

• Golf

• Ski Cloudcroft

White Sands National Park: Located about 1 hour and 45 minutes from Cloudcroft, White Sands National Park is a must-visit destination. Take a scenic drive through the dunes or hike the Alkali Flat Trail to experience the park's natural beauty. Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Less than 3 hours from Cloudcroft, Carlsbad Caverns is a stunning natural wonder. Take a self-guided tour through the caverns or join a ranger-led tour to learn more about this underground world.

Ruidoso, NM: Only 45 minutes from Cloudcroft, Ruidoso is a charming mountain town with plenty of outdoor activities. Go skiing, hiking, or fishing, or take a scenic drive along the Billy the Kid Scenic Byway.

Alamogordo, NM: Just over an hour from Cloudcroft, Alamogordo is a great place to explore the history and culture of the area. Visit the New Mexico Museum of Space History or the Toy Train Depot for a fun day trip.

Lincoln, NM: About 1 hour and 15 minutes from Cloudcroft, Lincoln is a small town with an extensive history. Explore the historic buildings and learn about the infamous Lincoln County War at the Lincoln Historic Site.

El Paso, TX: Just under 2 hours from Cloudcroft, El Paso is a vibrant city with plenty to see and do. Visit the El Paso Museum of Art, explore the Plaza Theatre, or walk along the Rio Grande.

Trinity Site, which is the location of the first atomic bomb test. However, please note that the site is only open to the public twice a year, on the first Saturdays of April and October. During these open house events, visitors can drive to the site and take a guided tour of the ground zero area, as well as the McDonald Ranch House, where the bomb was assembled.

To attend the open house event, visitors must enter through the Stallion Gate entrance to White Sands Missile Range, located on US Highway 380 between San Antonio and Carrizozo, NM. Visitors should bring a government-issued photo ID and allow extra time for security checks.

Outside of the open house events, the Trinity Site is located within the White Sands Missile Range, an active military installation that is not open to the public. However, visitors can view the site from outside the perimeter fence.

Las Cruces is 45 minutes northwest of El Paso, Texas. With a population of approximately 101,000, it is the second-largest city in the state after Albuquerque.

One of Las Cruces' most notable features is its location in the Mesilla Valley, which provides stunning views of the Organ Mountains and the surrounding desert landscape. The city also enjoys a mild, arid climate, with over 300 days of sunshine annually.

Las Cruces has several cultural attractions, including the New Mexico Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum, the Las Cruces Museum of Art, and the Las Cruces Symphony Orchestra. The city also hosts several festivals throughout the year, such as the Whole Enchilada Fiesta, the Renaissance ArtsFaire, and the Southern New Mexico State Fair.

In addition to its cultural offerings, Las Cruces is an excellent base for outdoor activities, with plenty of opportunities for hiking, biking, rock climbing, and camping in the nearby mountains and desert. The city is also just a short drive from the White Sands National Park, which features miles of pristine white dunes.

Las Cruces is also a thriving center for agriculture, with a significant portion of the city's economy driven by chile peppers, pecans, and cotton production. Finally, the city is home to New Mexico State University, which provides educational opportunities and cultural events to the local community.

Tularosa is a small town in south-central New Mexico, about 12 miles east of Alamogordo. The city has a population of approximately 2,800 and is known for its rich history, charming downtown area, and stunning natural surroundings.

One of the main attractions in Tularosa is the historic district, which features numerous well-preserved buildings from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These include the Tularosa Basin Historical Society Museum, housed in a former schoolhouse, and the Old Dowlin Mill, once used for grinding flour and now serves as a community center.

Tularosa is also located near the southern edge of the Lincoln National Forest, which offers ample opportunities for outdoor recreation. Visitors can hike, bike, fish, camp in the forest, or explore nearby attractions such as White Sands National Park or the Three Rivers Petroglyph Site.

One of the town's most unique attractions is the annual Tularosa Basin Balloon Festival, which takes place each September and features colorful hot air balloons floating over the surrounding landscape. The event includes live music, food vendors, and other family-friendly activities.

Ruidoso is home to Ruidoso Downs, a horse racing track and casino. Ruidoso Downs is a popular destination for horse racing fans and offers live racing events during the summer months and simulcast racing year-round. The track is known for hosting several major races, including the All-American Futurity, one of the world's richest Quarter Horse races. Ruidoso Downs also has an on-site casino offering slot machines, table games, and other gambling options.

Skiing and Snowboarding: Ruidoso is home to the Ski Apache ski resort, which offers skiing and snowboarding in the winter months.

Hiking and Biking: The area has many hiking and biking trails, including the Grindstone Trail System and the White Mountain Wilderness.

Golfing: The area has several golf courses, including the Links at Sierra Blanca and the Cree Meadows Golf Course.

Museums and Art Galleries: Ruidoso has several museums and art galleries, including the Hubbard Museum of the American West and the Ruidoso River Museum.

Casinos: Ruidoso has several casinos, including the Inn of the Mountain Gods Resort and Casino.

Grand View Trail, a hidden treasure near Cloudcroft, New Mexico, offers a unique blend of moderate challenge and rewarding vistas. This approximately 4-mile round-trip hike is known for its stunning panoramic views, making it a favorite for both locals and visitors.

The journey on Grand View Trail is as enriching as its destination. The trail gradually ascends, weaving through a diverse landscape that captivates with its natural beauty. The climax of the hike, a breathtaking viewpoint, is a magnificent reward for your efforts.

The trail begins at the Grand View Trailhead on NM-6563. Parking is available, and the trail is well-signed.

As you start, the trail ascends steadily. The gradual incline makes it manageable for most hikers with moderate experience.

Along the way, you'll pass through areas rich in local flora. Keep an eye out for wildlife, as the site is home to various birds and small mammals.

The trail's highest point offers a panoramic view, including the White Sands in the distance. It's a perfect spot to rest and take in the vastness of New Mexico's landscapes.

Return the way you came. The descent provides a different perspective of the trail and is often quicker than the ascent.

Hikers frequently commend Grand View Trail for its well-maintained path and the payoff of the grand viewpoint. The trail's ability to offer a moderate workout without being overly strenuous is a common highlight in reviews.

The Grand View Trail, designated as Trail #130 in the Lincoln National Forest, offers a leisurely hiking experience with a length of 1.3 miles. This trail is rated as easy and supports activities such as hiking and horseback riding, although motorized vehicles are not permitted. Located north of High Rolls, New Mexico, access is via Forest Road 162C. The trailhead features a small parking area, conveniently situated 1.6 miles through High Rolls from US82, near the Post Office sign. This trail provides a scenic route accessible to hikers and equestrians alike.

For more detailed information, visit the U.S. Forest Service website.

https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g46989-d3159993-r253534690-New_Mexico_Rails_to_Trails-Cloudcroft_New_Mexico.html

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Nestled nearly 9,000 feet high in New Mexico’s Sacramento Mountains lies the friendly mountain village of Cloudcroft, an idyllic destination for motorcyclists craving curving roads minus the crowds. The surrounding Lincoln National Forest tempts two-wheel adventure seekers with hundreds of miles of scenic forest roads and trails perfect for a mountain getaway.

Route options cater to all riders – from relaxing cruises taking in majestic lookouts to technical single-track trails demanding skill. District motor vehicle use maps provide a detailed overview of routes across the Lincoln Forest. Popular motorcycle sites like SoutheastRider.com offer firsthand user reviews on must-try tracks.

The Old Cloudcroft Highway Trail delights riders with its striking diversity along a wide gravel road. It winds past the Mexican Canyon rock formations, crosses flower-filled meadows along Fresnel Creek, and opens to panoramic vistas from Toboggan mesa. Bikers call it the perfect intro to the Lincoln Forest’s landscapes.

For those seeking more technical challenges, the Old Sunspot Highway Trail (T5009) ascends over 1,200 feet in a matter of miles. The single-track path slaloms around tight switchbacks, crosses broken-rock streambeds, and negotiates steep grades through the pine forest. Views open up briefly onto the Tularosa Basin. Riders warn its narrow width and loose surface leave no room for error.

The premier long-distance ride in the region follows the New Mexico Backcountry Discovery Route (NMBDR), an expert dual-sport trail from Dell City, TX, covering 700 miles en route to the Gila Mountains. The leg passing through the Lincoln Forest offers spectacular views riding the Guadalupe Ridge overlooking the salt flat basins nearly a vertical mile below. Riders recommend stopping to enjoy Lincoln’s hot springs and lakeside camping along this remote fort country segment.

Closer to town, the 147 km (91 miles) Cloudcroft Easy Big Bike Route loops from the village through the old railroad towns of High Rolls, La Luz, and Fresnel. Linked forest roads gently rise and fall over 7,000 feet in elevation, offering relaxing cruising amid diverse mountain scenery. Just watch for occasional cattle grazing the roadside!

Lastly, expert riders clamor about the Rim Trail (T105), 31+ miles of technical single-track starting just south of Cloudcroft. This demanding route is challenged with loose gravel, nasty water bars, and steep drop-offs as it follows the ridge 9,000 feet above the Rio Penasco canyon. The outstanding views prove well-earned rewards from knobby tires and riders’ skill over several hours.

Whichever mountain route resonates for your next ride near Cloudcroft, check the weather and carry supplies for the remote high country. Then gear up to soak up those sweeping landscapes only accessible from motorcycle seats in New Mexico’s peaks.

Key Resources:

SoutheastRider.com New Mexico Rides: https://southeastriders.com/riding-destinations/new-mexico/

Lincoln National Forest Motor Vehicle Use Map: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/lincoln/maps-pubs/?cid=stelprdb5412060

Cloudcroft presents a diverse range of mountain biking trails, each distinct in features and challenges. The Alamogordo-Cloudcroft Rail Trail, a 20-mile loop, combines history and nature with a blend of smooth and rocky terrain. Elevations range from 7,680 to 8,650 feet, featuring historical sites and spectacular views. The trail includes various spurs and is rated intermediate, with a particularly steep section on the Switchback Trail.

The High Altitude Racing Loop challenges seasoned riders with grueling ascents, technical singletracks, and thrilling downhills over a 10-mile loop.

Cloudcroft also hosts over 63 mountain bike trails and 45 e-bike trails, suitable for hiking and running. The area is known for the High Altitude Classic event. Trails like Salado Canyon and Grand View offer varied experiences for different skill levels.

Several specific trails include the Mexican Canyon Trestle Trail, known for its historical plaques and views, and the Sacramento RD, offering diverse recreational activities. The A Trail (T119), Alamo Canyon Trail (T104), Alamo Peak Trail (T109), Apple Tree Canyon Trail (T5601), Atkinson Field Trail (T111), and Benson Canyon Spur Trail (T5005A) range from 0.8 to 7.3 miles, catering to varying levels of difficulty and experience.

Other trails in the area, such as Salado Canyon Trail, Grand View Trail, Cloud-Climbing Trestle Trail, and various trails in La Luz, NM, like the High Altitude Big Eight, High Altitude Race Loop, and the NMES Sacramento Rim Roller, offer a range of experiences from moderate to difficult, accommodating different biking preferences and skill sets.

1. Alamogordo-Cloudcroft Rail Trail:

   • Description: This trail is a 20-mile loop that was once part of the Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railroad. It features a blend of history, nature, and cycling challenges.

   • Elevation: Ranges from 7,680 to 8,650 feet with a 1,000-foot vertical change, demanding a good level of fitness.

   • Scenery: The trail showcases historical remnants like the ruins of the Trestle, spectacular views of the White Sands National Monument, the Tularosa Basin, and the San Andres Mountains, along with dense old-growth forests.

   • Options: Includes multiple spur options like the Village Spur Trail, Old Road, and Switchback Trail.

   • Difficulty: Intermediate level, with trail sections varying from smooth earth to rocky patches. The Switchback Trail features a steep section with a 35% grade.

   • Facilities: Trestle Recreation Area offers restrooms, picnic tables, and interpretive signs.

   • Tips: Layered clothing is recommended during cooler months, and alternate parking options may be advisable due to overgrown brush and large rocks near the Trestle Recreation Area.

   • Location: Starts at the Trestle Recreation Area in Cloudcroft, just off Highway 82​​​​​​​​​​​​​​.

2. High Altitude Racing Loop:

   • Difficulty: Difficult level, best suited for seasoned riders.

   • Features: A mix of grueling ascents, technical singletracks, and exhilarating downhills.

   • Distance: Approximately 10 miles.

   • Trail Type: Loop​​.

3. General Trail Information:

   • Variety: Cloudcroft offers over 63 mountain bike trails, 45 e-bike trails, and trails suitable for hiking and trail running.

   • Event: It is home to the High Altitude Classic, a notable event in the area​​.

   • Accessibility: Trails like the Salado Canyon Trail and Grand View Trail are among the popular choices, with more than 4 trails covering 6 miles available for varying skill levels​​.

4. Specific Trails:

   • Mexican Canyon Trestle Trail: A mile-long trail notable for its historical plaques and views of the White Sands. It is part of a network of trails in the Trestle Recreation Area, allowing for hikes of varying lengths.

   • Surrounding Trails: Other trails easily accessible near Cloudcroft include the Switchback trail, Old Cloudcroft Highway, and the Osha trail​​​​​​​​​​.

5. Sacramento RD: This trail offers many different recreation opportunities for all seasons. It has trails ranging in use from hiking, pack/saddle, mountain biking, motorcycle riding, and ATV riding¹.

6. A Trail (T119): This trail is 5.0 miles long and connects Alamogordo to the Sacramento Mountains. It starts from the West Side Road and ends at a junction between T1129 and T5574²³.

7. Alamo Canyon Trail (T104): This trail is 7.3 miles long. It begins at the upper end of the path, which overlies a narrow utility road that passes through a large meadow. The trail descends into Pinyon-Juniper Woodland and other vegetation, along an intermittent stream⁴⁵.

8. Alamo Peak Trail (T109): This trail is 3.0 miles long. It begins at Forest Road 64D and ends at West Side Road FR90. The top section is steep with loose switchbacks, then opens up to a fast section⁶⁷.

9. Apple Tree Canyon Trail (T5601): This trail is 5.1 miles long. It begins at County Road C2 (Sacramento River Road) and ends at Forest Road 460C⁸⁹.

10. Atkinson Field Trail (T111): This trail is 1.6 miles long. It begins at the Rim trail (T105) and ends at the Alamo Peak trail (T109)¹⁰¹¹.

11. Benson Canyon Spur Trail (T5005A): This is a short 0.8 miles loop trail amongst the Benson Canyon area trails. It connects the two main trails in the area (T5005 and T5006) and can make for a lovely loop¹⁰¹².

12. Salado Canyon Trail: Difficulty information is not specified, but it is listed among the best trails around Cloudcroft for walking or biking​​.

13. Grand View Trail: Suitable for hiking or mountain biking. The difficulty level is not explicitly stated, but it is mentioned alongside other popular trails in Cloudcroft​​.

1. Cloud-Climbing Trestle Trail: This trail is known for its historic plaques and scenic views. It includes a one-mile trail with a short descent and ascent, indicating a moderate difficulty level​​.

2. High Altitude Big Eight (La Luz, NM): Classified as Intermediate/Difficult. It covers a distance of 13.6 miles with significant elevation changes, indicating a challenging ride​​.

3. High Altitude Race Loop (La Luz, NM): Also rated as Intermediate/Difficult. This 8.2-mile trail features a mix of ascents and descents, suggesting a moderately challenging experience​​.

4. Rim Trail Ride from Slide Campground (La Luz, NM): This trail is also categorized as Intermediate/Difficult, spanning 20.3 miles with substantial elevation changes, making it suitable for experienced riders​​.

5. NMES Sacramento Rim Roller (La Luz, NM): Rated as Difficult. It's a lengthy 41.6-mile trail with considerable elevation gain and loss, designed for advanced riders​​.

6. Bailey Canyon (La Luz, NM): Classified as Intermediate. This 1.8-mile trail is more accessible but still offers a moderate challenge​​.

7. T5004 (La Luz, NM): Also an Intermediate trail, spanning 3.1 miles. It's likely to be moderately challenging​​.

8. T5002 (La Luz, NM): This 2.8-mile trail is rated Intermediate, indicating a moderate level of difficulty suitable for riders with some experience​​.

Singletracks Mountain Bike News

Directions, Maps, Photos, and ReviewsJohn Watson

Singletracks Mountain Bike News

Singletracks Mountain Bike News

The Trinity Site in New Mexico is a location of significant historical importance, known for being the site of the first detonation of a nuclear bomb. This event marked a pivotal moment in world history and contributed to the end of the Second World War in the Pacific. Here is a comprehensive overview of the Trinity Site, including its historical context, what you can see there today, and its current status:

Historical Background

The Trinity Site is situated within the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. It was at this location that the first atomic bomb, known as the "Gadget," was detonated on July 16, 1945. This event, part of the Manhattan Project, signified a monumental leap in scientific achievement but also ushered in the nuclear age, which had profound implications for international politics and warfare. The successful detonation of the bomb at Trinity Site was a key factor in bringing a swift conclusion to World War II, particularly in the Pacific Theater, where the United States was engaged in a grueling conflict with Japan.

Current State and Visitor Information

Today, the Trinity Site is recognized as a national historical site. It is open to the public only two days each year, the first Saturday in April and the third Saturday in October. During these open house events, visitors can explore several key areas:

• Ground Zero: The exact location where the bomb was detonated. Although the original equipment and instruments are no longer there, an obelisk marks the spot.

• McDonald House: This is where the bomb's plutonium core was assembled. It provides insight into the final stages of the bomb's construction.

• Instrument Bunkers: Visitors can see one of the original bunkers that housed instruments used to measure data from the blast.

Accessibility and Entry

The Trinity Test Site is wheelchair accessible. Special arrangements, like a golf cart for disabled individuals to reach Ground Zero, are available. However, visitors should be prepared for the terrain, which includes loose sand and rocks. The site also offers accessible porta-potties.

Visitors 18 years and older are required to have a government-issued photo ID, and those driving must have proof of insurance and vehicle registration. Entry options include passing through the Stallion Gate on Highway 380 or joining a caravan from Tularosa, NM. The International Space Hall of Fame Foundation also offers guided bus tours to the site.

Educational and Commemorative Aspects

The Trinity Site serves not only as a tourist attraction but also as a place of education and remembrance. It stands as a reminder of the immense power of nuclear technology and the ethical and moral questions it raises. The site's preservation allows current and future generations to reflect on this critical moment in history and its lasting impact on the world.

Important Websites

For more detailed and updated information, you can visit the following websites:

1. TripAdvisor - Trinity Site: Offers visitor reviews, photos, and practical tips for those planning a visit​​.

2. White Sands Missile Range - U.S. Army Garrisons: Provides official information regarding the open house events and access regulations​​.

3. National Park Service - Alamogordo: Visit the Trinity Site: Contains historical context, visiting information, and specific details about the site's features and accessibility​​​​​​​​​​​​.

As of 2023, White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) in New Mexico remains an active United States Army installation and the largest military base in the country. Recent activities include the hosting of a 38th Change of Command Ceremony and participation in scientific research during a solar eclipse, where NASA launched three rockets from the base.

The residential community, known as White Sands Homes, is a gated area offering rental homes primarily to active duty military families. This housing has been privatized and is managed by Balfour Beatty Communities, with some homes also available to military retirees, DOD civilian employees, contractors, and the general public.

Key historical highlights of White Sands Missile Range include:

1. Trinity Site: WSMR is famously home to the Trinity Site, where the first atomic bomb was tested on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project. This test, codenamed "Trinity," marked a pivotal moment in the history of nuclear weapons and had profound implications for the end of World War II and the onset of the Cold War.

2. Development of Missile Technology: Post World War II, WSMR played a crucial role in the development of U.S. missile technology. It was the primary testing ground for early American rockets and missiles, including the V-2 rocket brought from Germany after the war. This laid the foundation for the U.S. space program and intercontinental ballistic missile systems.

3. Space Exploration: The range has been instrumental in the U.S. space program. It was used for testing captured V-2 rockets and later for launching American rockets like the Viking, Corporal, and Redstone. These tests were critical in developing the technology that would eventually send humans to space.

4. Military Testing: Apart from space and missile testing, WSMR has been used for various military experiments, including missile defense systems and weapons testing. It provides a controlled environment for testing new technologies in aviation, missile defense, and weaponry.

5. Scientific Research: The unique ecosystem of WSMR has also made it a site for environmental and atmospheric research. Scientists have conducted studies related to desert ecosystems, wildlife biology, and atmospheric phenomena.

6. Cultural and Historic Significance: The range encompasses several prehistoric and historic sites, reflecting the rich cultural history of the region. This includes Native American archaeological sites and landmarks from the early exploration and settlement of the American Southwest.

Throughout its history, White Sands Missile Range has been at the forefront of technological advancement in weaponry, space exploration, and scientific research, playing a critical role in shaping modern military and space capabilities. Its continued use for testing and research underscores its ongoing importance in national defense and technology development.

Where the trout roam, where to catch 'em.

Rio Penasco: This river is located just outside of Cloudcroft and offers some great fly fishing opportunities for rainbow and brown trout. The best fishing can be found in the upper section of the river near the Rio Penasco Campground.

Here are some of the best fishing spots on the Rio Penasco:

Rio Penasco Campground: Located in the upper section of the river and offers easy access to some great fishing spots. The area around the campground is a popular spot for anglers to fish for rainbow and brown trout. The river in this section is narrow and has plenty of riffles and pools that hold fish.

Upper Rio Penasco: The upper section of the Rio Penasco is a great place to fish for wild brown and rainbow trout. This section of the river is more remote and requires some hiking to get to the best spots, but the fishing is well worth the effort. There are several deep pools and runs that hold some large fish.

Lower Rio Penasco: The lower section of the Rio Penasco is a good spot for beginners and those looking for easy access. This section of the river is wider and has plenty of riffles and pools that hold fish. There are several pullouts along Highway 130 that offer easy access to the river.

La Junta Canyon: La Junta Canyon is located about 10 miles downstream from the Rio Penasco Campground and offers some great fishing for brown and rainbow trout. This section of the river is more remote and requires some hiking to get to, but the fishing is well worth the effort.

Waterfall Area: The waterfall area is located in the upper section of the Rio Penasco and is a popular spot for anglers. This area has some deep pools and runs that hold some large fish. The waterfall itself is also a beautiful spot to fish.

Rio Ruidoso: The Rio Ruidoso is located about 30 minutes from Cloudcroft and is known for its excellent fishing for rainbow and brown trout. This river is easily accessible from the town of Ruidoso and offers plenty of opportunities for both beginners and experienced anglers.

Two Rivers Park: Two Rivers Park is located near the center of Ruidoso and offers easy access to the Rio Ruidoso. This area is a popular spot for fly fishing and spin fishing and is stocked with rainbow trout. There are plenty of areas to wade or fish from the bank.

Grindstone Reservoir: The Rio Ruidoso runs into Grindstone Reservoir, which is located just outside of Ruidoso. The reservoir is stocked with rainbow trout and also has some brown trout and smallmouth bass. There are several access points around the reservoir and it's a great spot for both fly and spin fishing.

Upper Rio Ruidoso: The upper section of the Rio Ruidoso offers some great fishing for wild brown and rainbow trout. This section of the river is more remote and requires some hiking to get to the best spots, but the fishing is well worth the effort. There are several deep pools and runs that hold some large fish.

Lower Rio Ruidoso: The lower section of the Rio Ruidoso is a good spot for beginners and those looking for easy access. This section of the river is wider and has plenty of riffles and pools that hold fish. There are several access points along Highway 70 that offer easy access to the river.

Rio Ruidoso Recreation Area: The Rio Ruidoso Recreation Area is located about 5 miles east of Ruidoso and offers some great fishing opportunities. This area is stocked with rainbow trout and has several access points and picnic areas.

Bonito Creek is a small stream located about 45 minutes from Cloudcroft and is known for its excellent fishing for brown and rainbow trout. The creek is located in a beautiful canyon and offers plenty of secluded spots for fly fishing.

Grindstone Reservoir is located in Ruidoso and is a popular spot for both fly and spin fishing. The reservoir is stocked with rainbow trout and also has some brown trout and smallmouth bass. There are plenty of access points around the reservoir and it's a great spot for beginners.

Alto Lake is another popular fishing spot located in Ruidoso. The lake is stocked with rainbow trout and also has some largemouth bass, catfish, and bluegill. There are plenty of access points around the lake and it's a great spot for fly fishing from a kayak or canoe.

For more information check out the website for the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish.

Holloman Air Force Base has a rich history that spans over 80 years. It is located six miles southwest of Alamogordo, New Mexico. Established in 1942 as Alamogordo Army Airfield, near Alamogordo, New Mexico, it was renamed in 1948 in honor of Col. George V. Holloman, a pioneer in guided missile research.

It was initially intended as a training center for British Commonwealth pilots during World War II1. It also trained B-17 Flying Fortress and B-24 Liberator crews for wartime missions. Today, the Alamogordo-based Holloman Air Force Base is home to various units and organizations, including the 49th Wing, responsible for training pilots to fly.

It's also home to the Air Force Research Laboratory, which researches and develops new technologies and weapons systems.

The Holloman High-Speed Test Track, which is used to test and evaluate advanced aerospace systems, is over 50,000 feet long and is capable of supporting speeds of up to Mach 10 (ten times the speed of sound), making it one of the fastest and most advanced test tracks in the world.

The base was renamed Holloman Air Force Base in 1948 after Col. George V. Holloman pioneered early rocket and pilot-less aircraft research. Throughout the Cold War, many U.S. Air Force guided missile systems were developed at Holloman, such as Tiny Tim, Rascal, V-2 rocket, Ryan XQ-2 Drone, Falcon, MGM-13 Mace, MGM-1 Matador, and AGM-45 Shrike4.

Holloman AFB also hosted some notable events and projects, such as:

• The first supersonic flight by an American pilot (Lt. Col. Robert E. Strother) in 1948.

• The first human-crewed balloon flight into space (Project Manhigh) in 1957.

• The highest speed ever reached by a human-crewed aircraft (Mach 6.7 by Maj. William J. Knight) in 1967.

• The first chimpanzee astronaut (Ham) launched into space in 1961.

• The first stealth fighter squadron (F-117A Nighthawk) was activated in 1983.

Holloman AFB has had various missions throughout its history, including training pilots and supporting missile and drone testing. It has also been home to several aircraft and units.

Aircraft and Units:

Over the years, Holloman AFB has hosted many aircraft, including bombers, fighters, and reconnaissance planes. Some notable aircraft stationed at the base include:

• F-4 Phantom II

• F-15 Eagle

• F-117 Nighthawk

• T-38 Talon

• F-16 Fighting Falcon

• F-22 Raptor

• MQ-1 Predator

• MQ-9 Reaper

• RQ-4 Global Hawk

Currently, Holloman AFB hosts several vital units:

• 49th Wing: The host wing trains F-16 Fighting Falcon and MQ-9 Reaper pilots and sensor operators and provides combat-ready airmen for worldwide deployment.

• 96th Test Group: A subordinate unit of the 96th Test Wing from Eglin AFB, Florida, responsible for operational testing and evaluating weapon systems, including aircraft, drones, and missiles. German Air Force Flying Training Center (GAFFTC): A unique partnership between the U.S. and German Air Forces, where German pilots receive advanced training on the Tornado and Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft.

Major Achievements:

Holloman AFB has been the site of numerous significant events and milestones in aviation and space history, including:

The Holloman High-Speed Test Track: Established in the 1950s, this 50,000-foot-long track has been used to test high-speed aerospace and weapons systems, including rocket sleds with speeds exceeding 6,000 mph.

F-117 Nighthawk: Holloman AFB was the primary training and operational location for the F-117 stealth fighter from the 1980s until its retirement in 2008.

World altitude record: On February 28, 1995, a modified Streak Eagle F-15 from Holloman AFB broke the world altitude record for horizontal flight, reaching 102,000 feet.

First Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) Training Squadron: Holloman AFB has been the primary location for training MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper pilots and sensor operators since 2009, making it a key player in modern drone warfare.

Size of Operations:

Holloman AFB covers around 59,639 acres, making it one of the largest Air Force installations in the United States. It significantly impacts the local economy, as it employs thousands of military personnel, civilian employees, and contractors.

Number of Soldiers:

The number of personnel at Holloman AFB can fluctuate over time due to changes in mission requirements and deployments. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the base was home to approximately 21,000 people, including military personnel, dependents, civilian employees, and contractors. However, please note that these numbers may have changed since then.

Mission:

Holloman AFB's primary mission is to support air combat training for U.S. and allied forces. This includes hosting the 49th Wing, which trains F-16 Fighting Falcon and MQ-9 Reaper pilots and sensor operators, and supporting the German Air Force Flying Training Center. Additionally, the base conducts operational testing and evaluation of various weapons systems through the 96th Test Group.

Holloman AFB plays a crucial role in maintaining the U.S. Air Force's and its allies' readiness, ensuring that pilots and airmen are well-trained and prepared to face a wide range of global threats.

The OSHA (Osha Mountain) Trail is a hidden gem in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico, and it's a must-visit destination for hikers looking for an adventure in nature. The trailhead is located at the end of a gravel road, and once you arrive, you'll be rewarded with breathtaking views of the surrounding mountain ranges and the Chihuahuan Desert.

Planning and preparing for the hike are essential to hike the OSHA Trail safely. Bring plenty of water, food, appropriate clothing, and gear for the hike, including sturdy hiking boots with good ankle support. The trail can be rocky and uneven, so you must observe your step on any steep sections.

Starting early in the morning is recommended, as the OSHA Trail can take several hours to complete, depending on your pace. Hiking in the early morning also allows you to enjoy the cooler temperatures and avoid the day's heat.

While the OSHA Trail is well-marked, staying on the trail is important to avoid getting lost. In an emergency, carrying a map and compass and knowing how to use them is always a good idea. The trail is also popular among mountain bikers, so be aware of your surroundings and share the path accordingly.

Wildlife is abundant on the OSHA Trail, and you may encounter various species of birds, mammals, and reptiles. Keep safe from any wildlife you encounter and do not approach or feed them. It's always best to admire them from a distance and let them go about their natural behavior undisturbed.

As a responsible hiker, practicing Leave No Trace principles when hiking the OSHA Trail is important. Pack out all trash, use established campsites and fire rings, and avoid damaging vegetation or wildlife habitats. It's essential to minimize your impact on the environment and preserve the beauty of the trail for future generations to enjoy.

Lastly, hiking with a partner is always safer, especially in remote or rugged areas like the OSHA Trail. Let someone know your planned route and expected return time, and carry a charged cell phone for emergencies. By following these detailed instructions and being well-prepared, you can safely and responsibly enjoy the stunning natural beauty of the OSHA Trail.

For many locals, a trip to Kennabelle's Kreations is a fixture of their daily routine. The bakery opens at 7 a.m. on weekdays for early risers seeking a pastry and caffeine fix. Visitors often stop in to stock up on baked goods for snacking later on during their mountain adventures.

Kennabelle's offers an array of baked goods that satisfy any sweet tooth. Customers rave about the chocolate croissants, with one Yelp reviewer describing it as "the best I've ever had." Other standouts include the cinnamon rolls, danishes, and sugar cookies decorated with bright icing. Kennabelle's also offers breakfast sandwiches and lunch items like paninis to accompany your pastry.

No matter what you order, reviews suggest it's bound to impress. As one TripAdvisor user wrote: "The baked goods are phenomenal. I don't think I've ever had a croissant so flaky and delicious."

Beyond the tasty treats, Kennabelle's quaint storefront helps set the mood. With just a few bistro tables and a bakery case brimming with goodies, the cozy shop emanates small-town charm. One TripAdvisor reviewer described the decor as "terrific," a Yelp user lauded the "perfect backdrop for having coffee, hot chocolate and any number of their delicious pastries."

The friendly staff enhances the welcoming environment. Multiple reviewers praised the stellar customer service, with one Yelp user writing: "The owner and staff are so kind and make you feel at home."

Given its popularity with residents and tourists alike, it's no wonder Kennabelle's has become a Cloudcroft institution. One TripAdvisor reviewer said: “This little bake shop is an important part of the culture in Cloudcroft. The baked goods are amazing.”

Contact Information:

306 Burro Ave., Cloudcroft, NM 88317

575-601-2712

The Apache Point Observatory has as dramatic a view looking west as any spot in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico.

Moreover, the Observatory stands as a beacon of astronomical research and discovery. This cutting-edge facility has played a pivotal role in expanding our understanding of the universe.

The roots of the Apache Point Observatory can be traced back to the early 1980s when astronomers and institutions recognized the need for a world-class observatory in the United States. It was officially established in 1984 and has been in operation since then.

The Observatory's prime location in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico is not arbitrary. Its altitude of approximately 9,167 feet and the arid climate create optimal conditions for stargazing. This high-altitude site minimizes atmospheric interference, making it a hub for astronomical research.

One of the crown jewels of the Observatory is the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) telescope. It boasts a 2.5-meter diameter mirror and is pivotal in creating detailed 3D maps of the universe. SDSS has been instrumental in studying galaxies, quasars, and the large-scale structure of the cosmos.

The Apache Point Observatory isn't just about the telescopes; it's also home to various state-of-the-art instruments. Researchers here utilize spectrographs, cameras, and detectors with high sensitivity to capture faint signals from distant celestial objects. These tools have been instrumental in various groundbreaking discoveries.

One of the Observatory's significant contributions to astrophysics is mapping the universe. SDSS, in particular, has surveyed millions of galaxies, providing invaluable data for cosmologists. This vast dataset has helped answer questions about the universe's composition, expansion, and evolution.

Apache Point Observatory has also played a vital role in the study of dark energy and dark matter. These enigmatic phenomena comprise most of the universe's content, yet remain mysterious. The Observatory's research has shed light on their properties and influence on the cosmos.

Beyond mapping the universe, Apache Point has ventured into the realm of exoplanets. The Observatory has contributed to the discovery and characterization of distant worlds orbiting other stars. This research has expanded our understanding of planetary systems and the potential for habitable planets beyond our solar system.

The Apache Point Observatory isn't just about instruments and telescopes; it's also about the dedicated scientists, engineers, and staff who operate and maintain the facility. Their expertise and commitment are essential to the success of the Observatory's missions.

In addition to its scientific endeavors, the Observatory is committed to education and outreach. It hosts programs and events to engage the public and inspire the next generation of astronomers and scientists. Visitors can experience the wonders of the night sky through guided tours and stargazing sessions.

The success of Apache Point Observatory is not limited to its endeavors. It actively collaborates with other observatories and research institutions around the world. This collaboration enhances the global effort to understand the cosmos and contributes to numerous international research projects.

Operating a world-class observatory comes with its own set of challenges. Light pollution from nearby cities, maintenance of aging equipment, and securing funding for ongoing research are just a few of the hurdles that Apache Point faces. However, the dedication of its staff and the significance of its work continue to drive its mission forward.

In conclusion, the Apache Point Observatory is a testament to human curiosity and the relentless pursuit of knowledge. Its location, instruments, and dedicated team have allowed it to make groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and astrophysics. As we look to the future, it remains a vital hub for exploring the mysteries of the universe and inspiring generations to come.