Looking Back

What's the history of Cloudcroft?

Cloudcroft, New Mexico, uniquely positioned at 8,600 feet in the Sacramento Mountains, offers a refreshing departure from the state's desert heat. Its high altitude is responsible for a cooler climate, an attribute that, along with its alpine landscape, makes it an ideal summer getaway.

The village experiences significant climatic variation. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 70°F, providing a calm sanctuary. In contrast, winter brings a reliable snowfall, supporting a variety of winter sports and establishing Cloudcroft as a year-round destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

Nestled within the Lincoln National Forest, Cloudcroft is encircled by dense pine, fir, and aspen forests, a rarity in New Mexico's arid climate. This verdant setting initially drew loggers and later tourists.

Historically, the Mescalero Apache, known for their nomadic lifestyle and deep ecological knowledge, inhabited the area. European settlement began in the 16th and 17th centuries, but the late 19th century saw significant growth due to the railroad expansion. The Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway construction, a remarkable engineering achievement, transformed Cloudcroft into a sought-after resort destination.

In the late 1800s, the El Paso and Northeastern Railroad, led by brothers Charles Bishop Eddy and John Arthur Eddy, arrived in the budding town of Alamogordo. Their vision extended beyond Alamogordo—to the mining town of White Oaks and beyond. But there was a challenge: a steady timber supply was needed for the rail extension.

In 1898, a survey crew ventured into the Sacramento Mountains, exploring the feasibility of extending the rail line to harvest the abundant forests. To their delight, not only was it possible, but the area also held the promise of attracting visitors. And so, the name Cloudcroft—a poetic reference to a pasture among the clouds—was suggested.

Work on the rail line commenced, and by the end of the year, it had reached Toboggan Canyon. Construction began on a pavilion at the summit—an oasis for anticipated tourists. The Pavilion boasted a dining room, kitchen, parlor, entertainment hall, and even tents set on wooden platforms. In May 1899, the railroad reached Cox Canyon, and in June, “The Pavilion” officially opened its doors. Visitors rode the train to Toboggan and completed their journey by stagecoach.

But Cloudcroft’s allure didn’t end there. An upscale alternative, The Lodge, emerged—a retreat for discerning guests. As the rail line extended to Cloudcroft in early 1900, the train depot was built just west of The Pavilion. Three trains arrived daily, bringing lumber, mail, and passengers. Cloudcroft became a sought-after destination, its name gracing favorable newspaper reports.

As automobiles gained popularity, the rail line faced financial challenges. Passenger service ceased in 1938, and the last freight train rumbled through in 1947. Yet, Cloudcroft’s spirit endured. The Lodge, which had hosted notable guests—including Conrad Hilton in the 1930s—remained a symbol of elegant early growth. Still, it was hindered by limited access, primarily via a toll road. However, the early 20th-century introduction of the Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway revolutionized access, spurring both tourism and timber industry growth, pivotal to the town's economic and social development.

This railway development marked a turning point, making Cloudcroft appealing for its cooler summers and scenic environment. Throughout the 20th century, Cloudcroft navigated various economic and historical challenges, including the Great Depression and World War II. The mid-century decline in railway use led to increased road access, widening the town's appeal. Cloudcroft's ability to adapt and maintain its charm, evolving into a tranquil retreat and a hub for outdoor activities, demonstrates its enduring appeal and resilience.

Today, Cloudcroft stands out as a distinctive New Mexican destination, drawing visitors with its unique combination of high altitude, forested terrain, and varied seasons. Its evolution from a Native American-influenced region to a vibrant tourist and recreational hub adds to its allure.